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Bernard Tokkie (13 December 1867 – February 1942)〔(Lieven Saerens, ''Vreemdelingen in een wereldstad: een geschiedenis van Antwerpen en zijn joodse bevolking (1880-1944) )'' (Strangers in a metropolis: a history of Antwerp and its Jewish population) (1880-1944)), Ed. Lannoo, 2000, ISBN 90-209-4109-7, ISBN 978-90-209-4109-8, p. 80〕 Was a Flemish opera singer of Jewish origin. == Working towards a Flemish Opera == The Antwerp-born Tokkie studied at the Royal Flemish Music Conservatory. He completed schooling with Hendrik Fontaine. He performed for the first time in 1893 as a singer on the opening of the Dutch Lyrical Theatre, the ''Nederlandsch Lyrisch Tooneel'', as Kuno in Der Freischütz (in Dutch: ''Vrijschutter''). The ''Nederlandsch Lyrisch Tooneel'' had first been established in 1890 as a division of the Dutch theatre, but became an independent opera company by 1893. The name had only been changed into ''Vlaamsche Opera'', on the occasion of the inauguration of a new building in 1907.〔Hendrik Willaert & Jan Dewilde, ''Het lied in ziel en mond – 150 jaar muziekleven en Vlaamse Beweging'' (The song in mind and mouth - 150 years of musical life and Flemish Movement), Lannoo, Tielt, 1987, ISBN 90-209-1424-3, pp. 96-98〕 With Edward Keurvels, Albert Baets and Hendrik Fontaine, Tokkie took financial responsibility for the new Flemish Opera in the period 1893-96, at a time when the viability of this company was still questioned. Due to his merit as a singer, he was able to partially absorb the losses he suffered as an administrator. That the Opera was not being a profitable enterprise meant that Tokkie had to remain active within the Antwerp diamond business, at that time controlled by the Jews.〔(Maurits Sabbe, ''Bernard Tokkie'' (biography) ) in Muziek-Warande, March 1922, vol. 1, nr. 3, pp. 54-55〕 Twice, he became director of the Flemish Opera: once together, with Jef Judels, for eight years, between 1902 and 1909, and a second time, between 1923 and 1931, together with Fé Derickx. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bernard Tokkie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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